Thinly slice the peeled red onion halves.
In a bowl, combine onion, cilantro, and salt. Massage to release moisture. Add gram flour, rice flour, green chili, garlic, red chili powder, turmeric, and carom seeds. Mix well to form a thick mixture.
For air frying, preheat to 400°F. Form 9 patties (½ inch thick, 2-½ inches wide). Lightly spray the basket and pakodas with oil.
Air fry at 350°F for 10 minutes, then flip, spray with oil, and cook for an additional 2 minutes until golden and crispy.
For deep frying, heat oil to 350°F (175°C). Fry small portions for 3-4 minutes until golden brown, turning occasionally. Drain on paper towels and serve hot.